Saber identificar los diferentes tipos de preguntas en inglés es imprescindible para después poder formular preguntas de una manera correcta. En el post anterior nos centramos en las preguntas más básicas: yes/no questions y wh- questions. En este post veremos más secretos de hacer preguntas en inglés con las preguntas de sujeto, las preguntas indirectas y no podían faltar las tag questions, pero no sufras que con estas explicaciones y ejemplos lo vas a ver más claro a partir de ahora.
Ready?
Preguntas de sujeto o subject questions
Primero vamos a aclarar en qué consisten estas preguntas, muy fácil, las preguntas más habituales lo que intentan averiguar normalmente es el objeto directo, por ejemplo
What will you buy? We will buy a new bed.
Who did you meet yesterday? I met Keith yesterday.
Who did you phone? I phoned Oliver.
en las preguntas de sujeto, precisamente la información que buscamos es lo que será el sujeto de la respuesta, vamos a verlo con ejemplos
Who phoned? Oliver phoned.
Who made this cake? She made this cake.
Who was late today? He was late today.
Who will go to the party? We will go to the party.
What made that noise? The wind made that noise.
Observa que en este caso no usamos do/does/did como auxiliar en la pregunta. Ves la diferencia? Pues ya está, es así de simple.
Preguntas indirectas
Las preguntas indirectas se usan como fórmula de cortesía, para sonar más «polite» y las más comunes son: Could/can you tell me…? o bien Do you know…? Aquí tienes más ejemplos para ver la diferencia entre preguntas directas e indirectas
What time is it? – Do you know what is the time?
Where can I find Louise? – Can you tell me where I can find Louise?
Is he from here? – Do you know if he is from here?
Will they come to the party? – Could you tell me if they will come to the party?
Un detalle muy importante a la hora de hacer preguntas indirectas es el orden de las palabras. Aunque normalmente en las preguntas el orden suele ser primero el verbo y luego el sujeto, en las preguntas indirectas esta inversión no se hace, es decir, colocamos primero el sujeto y después el verbo como si fuera una frase afirmativa. Vuelve a mirar los ejemplos de arriba y observa este aspecto. Pero cuidado con do/does/did porque si hablamos de preguntas indirectas ya no los «necesitamos», observa
Did she arrive late? – Do you know if she arrived late?
Does he speak German? – Could you tell me if he speaks German?
When did they leave? – Do you know when they left?
What does she know about this? – Can you tell me what she knows about this?
En el post anterior diferenciábamos entre yes/no question y wh- questions.
¿Cómo hacemos entonces las preguntas indirectas con cada tipo? Con las yes/no questions usamos if /whether. Con las wh-question no hay que añadir nada, pero en ambos casos recuerda el orden porque siguen siendo preguntas indirectas. Es muy fácil, lo vas a ver en estos ejemplos
Are they opening now? – Do you know if they are opening now?
Has she phoned them? – Can you tell me if she has phoned them?
Why did he leave? – Do you know why he left?
What will she do? – Can you tell me what she will do?
Where can we meet? – Do you know where we can meet?
Pues hasta aquí las preguntas indirectas, para seguir con los secretos de hacer preguntas en inglés no nos pueden faltar las tag questions.
Tag questions
Las tag question son esas preguntitas que aparecen al final de una frase y a los hispanohablantes nos vuelven un poco locos. En español esto lo arreglamos con un «verdad»? o «no?» y listo. En inglés se usan de una manera diferente y es importante porque se utilizan tan a menudo como en español en el speaking. No te preocupes después de estos ejemplos y explicaciones vas a ver que no es tan difícil 😉 Vamos por partes
Las tag questions se forman con un verbo auxiliar y un pronombre (los mismos que se usan en la frase). Normalmente si la frase es afirmativa, la tag question es negativa y viceversa. Ten en cuenta las contracciones en las formas negativas de los auxiliares. En los ejemplos queda más claro
Frase afirmativa – tag question negativa
They are French, aren’t they?
It’s a lovey day, isn’t it?
He was late last night, wasn’t he?
You did your tasks, didn’t you?
She likes dogs, doesn’t she?
We will visit them, won’t we?
They have been to Japan, haven’t they?
She has been working hard, hasn’t she?
He must take a decision, mustn’t he?
Frase negativa – tag question afirmativa
He’s not here, is he?
We didn’t phone you, did we?
They were not at home yesterday, were they?
She won’t help us, will she?
He doesn’t have any children, does he?
You hadn’t slept a lot, had you?
He can’t speak Russian, can he?
You are not married, are you?
The bus won’t be on time, will it?
We should stay in touch, shouldn’t we?
Hemos incluido varios tipos de auxiliares (are, isn’t, won’t, had, doesn’t, was, weren’t) para que te sea mas fácil recordar todas las formas. Un par de excepciones
si el sujeto de la frase es con «I», la tag question se hace con «are»
I am too ingenuous, aren’t I?
si usamos «let’s», la tag question es «shall we» (siempre we porque let’s es let us)
Let’s go for lunch, shall we?
¿Para qué sirven? pues depende, se pueden usar para «invitar» a seguir la conversación como en It’s a lovely day, isn’t it?, también porque realmente nos interesa esa información y es una pregunta real como en She has been working hard, hasn’t she?, o si es una frase afirmativa con una tag negativa, puede ser para confirmar información que creemos saber (o para averiguar esa información) como en You aren’t married, are you?
Easy peasy, isn’t it? Fácil, fácil verdad? 😉
Y con esto concluimos este post sobre los secretos de hacer preguntas en inglés. Recuerda que la primera parte la tienes aquí. Ahora ya no va a haber pregunta que se te resista!
Las palabras job and work son palabras que utilizamos a diario, aunque no siempre de manera correcta, porque nos cuesta ver la diferencia entre una y otra. En el post de hoy te damos las claves para que aprendas a usar job and work correctamente.
Let’s work on it!
JOB es un sustantivo contable (countable noun) y se refiere a trabajo en el sentido de puesto de trabajo o empleo, lo que haces para ganar dinero, tu ocupación.
What do you do? What’s your job?
I love my job. I’m a nurse.
He finally found a job last week.
She had two jobs, she worked as a scientist and also as a part-time teacher.
Young people have more difficulties to find a job.
Are you looking for a new job?
Job también puede referirse a una tarea o un trabajo en particular, como por ejemplo
I had a few jobs to do at home this month, like painting and installing a new floor.
My parents always find little jobs for me to do in the garden.
He is retired but he has lot of jobs (things to do) to keep himself busy.
Podemos encontrar la palabra job en expresiones como:
A job interview
To look for a job
To apply for a job
To find / get a job
To lose / leave / quit a job
A full-time / part-time job
A permanent / temporary job
A rewarding / challenging job
WORK puede ser un sustantivo incontable (uncountable noun) o un verbo. Como sustantivo, es más general que job y se refiere a trabajo en general, en el sentido de actividades o esfuerzos que haces (como parte de tu trabajo o no) para conseguir algo. También puede hacer referencia a tu lugar de trabajo.
I work as a nurse. I love my job.
I’m busy. I have a lot of work at the moment.
A large part of the work we do involves using computers.
Doing the cleaning at home it’s a lot of work.
He starts work at 8 o’clock every morning.
I usually go to work by train.
Would you like to go for a drink after work?
Podemos encontrar la palabra work en expresiones como:
A hard/difficult work
A lot of work
To work hard
To start/leave/finish work
To go/get to work
To be at work
Como verbo, podemos utilizar work con diferentes preposiciones:
You work in a city or area.
E.g. He works in Madrid.
You work in a place such as a bank, shop, etc.
E.g. She works in a library.
You work at / for a company or organisation.
E.g. They work at the city council.
I work at / for a consulting firm.
He works at LMI bank.
You work in an industry or a type of job.
E.g. She works in advertising.
You work as a waiter, cashier, accountant, etc.
E.g. He works as a cook.
I work as a design consultant.
You work on a project or task.
E.g. Several people worked on the report.
I’m working on a market analysis.
You work with people or things.
E.g. They work with children in need.
We work with dangerous chemical substances.
Para que te resulte más fácil te dejamos esta infografía con ejemplos de uso correcto e incorrecto de job and work.
Y finalmente para ponerte a prueba y ver si lo tienes claro puedes realizar este ejercicio.
Completa con job o work las siguientes frases:
I _____ part-time at a restaurant.
She has two _____ to support her family.
They usually finish _____ at 19 p.m.
He is trying to find a _____ in advertising.
I started _____ when I was 20.
She’s not here right now. She’s at _____.
We had a full-time _____ at a local university.
VER RESPUESTAS CORRECTAS
I WORK part-time at a restaurant.
She has two JOBS to support her family.
They usually finish WORK at 19 p.m.
He is trying to find a JOB in advertising.
I started WORK when I was 20.
She’s not here right now. She’s at WORK.
We had a full-time JOB at a local university
Esperamos que este post sobre job and work te sea de ayuda, además si quieres ver más tips de vocabulario relacionados con el trabajo te recomendamos el post cómo hablar de trabajo en inglés
Hey buddies, el post de hoy es una recopilación de errores comunes en inglés que cometemos a menudo, a veces porque cambiamos la preposición que toca, o porque nos equivocamos con una palabra o también porque traducimos literalmente. Ponte cómodo porque te detallamos nada más y nada menos que 30 common mistakes que no debes cometer más.
1 We say coworkers, work mates or colleagues, not partners para referirnos a nuestros compañeros de trabajo
My partners are really helpful.
My coworkers are really helpful.
2 We say at work, not in the job en expresiones como
I sometimes surf on the internet in the job.
I sometimes surf on the internet at work.
3 We say hire mejor que contract, cuando contratamos a un empleado
Things are going well, we will contract more employees.
Things are going well, we will hire more employees.
4 We say a business grows, not grows up para decir que el negocio crece
Our business is growing up and increasing sales.
Our business is growing and increasing sales.
Utilizamos grow up para referirnos a las personas cuando crecen / maduran
He’s now a grown up person.
Children grow up really fast.
5 We say I agree, not I am agree para mostrar nuestro acuerdo
I am agree with your idea.
I agree with your idea.
6 We say I think so / I don’t think so, not I think that yes / no para decir creo que sí / no
Would you come? I think that yes / no.
Would you come? I think so / I don’t think so.
7 We say I have no idea, not I don’t have an idea para decir no tengo ni idea
Is she here? I don’t have an idea.
Is she here? I have no idea.
8 We say leave me alone, not leave me in peace cuando queremos que nos dejen en paz
Please, leave me in peace, I’m busy now.
Please, leave me alone, I’m busy now.
9 We say from now on, not since now para decir de ahora en adelante
We will have new regulations since now.
We will have new regulations from now on.
10 We say so far, not until now para decir hasta ahora, hasta este momento
What have they done until now?
What have they done so far?
11 We say it depends on, not it depends of
I don’t know what I’m going to do tomorrow. It depends of the weather.
I don’t know what I’m going to do tomorrow. It depends on the weather.
12 We say related to, not related with
This is a problem related with the internet signal.
This is a problem related to the internet signal.
13 We say contact someone, not contact with someone
I’ll contact with her because I need more information.
I’ll contact her because I need more information.
14 We say trust someone, not trust in someone
I trust in my employees to do a good job when I’m not in the office.
I trust my employees to do a good job when I’m not in the office.
15 We say worry about, not worry for algo o alguien
Her mother worries for her a lot.
Her mother worries about her a lot.
16 We say think about / of, not think in. Si imaginamos algo, utilizamos think of / about, si estamos considerando algo utilizamos think about
I’m thinking in my future and deciding what I want to do.
I’m thinking about my future and deciding what I want to do.
17 We say similar to, not similar than
This app is very similar than another one.
This app is very similar to another one.
18 We say the same as, not the same than or the same to
He’s the same than his father. They have similar personalities.
He’s the same as his father. They have similar personalities.
19 We say in the world, not of the world para decir del mundo
Lionel Messi is one of the best soccer players of the world.
Lionel Messi is one of the best soccer players in the world.
20 We say arrive in/at a place, not arrive to a place
I arrived to work at 9 a.m.
I arrived at work at 9 a.m.
We use arrive in con lugares como ciudades (London, Paris, etc.).
We arrived in Paris last Friday.
We use arrive at al referirnos a un sitio en concreto (the bank, the restaurant, work, home, etc.).
They arrived at the restaurant 20 minutes late.
21 We say go home, not go to home
She decided to go to home after the theatre.
She decided to go home after the theatre.
22 We say parking lot, not parking para referirnos a un aparcamiento
The parking was full, so we parked on the street.
The parking lot was full, so we parked on the street.
23 We say on the bus / train / plane, not in the bus / plane / train
Sometimes I read when I’m in the bus.
Sometimes I read when I’m on the bus.
We say in with cars, vans, trucks, etc.
Let’s get on the car.
Let’s get in the car.
24 We say to miss, not to lose a bus / train / plane
You will lose the train if you don’t hurry up.
You will miss the train if you don’t hurry up.
25 We say waste time, not lose time para decir perder el tiempo
Sam loses a lot of time watching TV.
Sam wastes a lot of time watching TV.
26 We say spend time, not pass time para decir pasar tiempo con
On the weekend, she likes to pass time with her husband.
On the weekend, she likes to spend time with her husband.
27 We say to have (or to throw) a party, not to make or do a party
They are making a party next Saturday.
They are having / throwing a party next Saturday.
28 We say to have a drink, not to take a drink
Let’s take a drink after work.
Let’s have a drink after work.
29 We say to sunbathe, not to take the sun
She loves taking the sun on the beach.
She loves sunbathing on the beach.
30 We say to make mistakes, not to have errors or have mistakes.
My English is okay, but I have a lot of mistakes.
My English is okay, but I make a lot of mistakes.
No te preocupes si te identificas con algunos (o muchos) de ellos, son los errores más comunes que cometemos los hispano hablantes. Anota con los que más te equivocas para repasarlos, pero vuelve a esta lista siempre que lo necesites o tengas dudas.
PS: Si te atreves con más meteduras de pata typical Spanish, lee este post sobre false friends
