Hoy os dejamos unos “truquis” para utilizar los modales de obligación “must & have to” y también cómo expresar falta de obligación (lack of obligation) con los modales don’t have to, don’t need to, didn’t need to. Vamos allá!
HAVE TO / MUST
We use these verbs to say that is necessary to do something, but there are some differences:
Have to
The speaker is just giving facts. Or there’s an «outside authority» who tells you to do something.
E.g. I have to complete the report for our client.
We can use “have to” in all verb tenses.
Must
The speaker thinks is necessary, feels is his responsibility to do something.
E.g. I must finish all these paperwork today.
We only use “must” in the present tense, to express obligation in other tenses we use “have to”.
E.g. I had to finish all the paperwork last Friday.
I will have to finish all the paperwork before Friday.
DON’T HAVE TO / MUSTN’T
When used in the negative form, they mean different things:
Don’t have to /don’t need to
It means is NOT necessary that we do something.
E.g. You don’t have to bring anything.
They don’t need to bring anything.
Mustn’t
It means is necessary NOT to do something. (it’s an obligation not to do something).
E.g.He mustn’t talk to us like that.
You mustn’t tell anyone.
We mustn’t be late for the meeting.
DIDN’T NEED TO / DIDN’T HAVE TO DO
We use didn’t need to / didn’t have to meaning that something was not done because it was not necessary.
E.g. We didn’t need to call the technical services, we just fixed it ourselves.
They didn’t need to work until late. We still have time until deadline.
I didn’t have to prepare a cake, but they all appreciated it.
Parece mucho pero en realidad son tres cositas, te las resumimos:
-Must / have to > obligación, sobre todo “have to” que se puede utilizar en cualquier tiempo verbal
-Mustn’t > obligación de NO hacer algo (o prohibición de hacer algo)
-Don’t have to / don’t need to (y sus formas en pasado) > falta de obligación, o lo que es lo mismo, no es necesario hacer algo.
Esperamos que te sirva de ayuda 😉

Probablemente ya conozcas algunos de los significados de pick up. Es un phrasal verb bastante común y relativamente sencillo porque, aunque tiene diferentes significados, algunos son muy parecidos entre sí. Vamos a repasar 10 de los significados más comunes de pick up con ejemplos para que puedas entenderlos mejor con un poco de contexto.
1 Pick something up – to lift – levantar, coger.
Can you help me pick this chair up?
Please pick up the bags from the floor.
2 Pick up – answer the phone – coger el teléfono, contestar el teléfono.
The phone rang and I picked it up.
I called your office but nobody picked up the phone.
3 Pick up – to buy or get something from a shop – comprar.
We’ll pick up a few things at the supermarket.
This is a souvenir I picked up when I went to China.
4 Pick up – to collect, to get – recoger.
I’ll pick up the tickets on my way home.
He picked up his suit from the dry cleaner’s.
Si no acabas de entender cómo funcionan los phrasal verbs y qué tipos hay, estos trucos para aprender phrasal verbs te pueden interesar.
5 Pick somebody up – recoger, pasar a buscar.
I take children to school and I’ll pick them up too.
She said she will pick me up at the airport.
Importante: dentro de los usos y significados de pick up, con este en concreto, observa que la persona (objeto directo) se coloca en el medio. Por ejemplo, you take the children to school, but you pick them up later. Otros phrasal verbs con take.
6 Pick up – tidy up, clean up – ordenar, colocar.
Help me pick these things up. We have guests coming.
I’ll pick up my room later.
7 Pick up – learn, understand – aprender, entender.
He picked up some Portuguese words on his trip.
She started a cooking course to pick up some basic skills.
8 Pick up – start again, resume – continuar algo por donde se dejó.
We can meet again tomorrow and pick up where we left it.
We’ll pick up this conversation later.
9 Pick up – improve, get better – mejorar.
Our campaign will make that sales pick up during next quarter.
She had a bad year, but her life is picking up slowly.
10 Pick up – pay for – pagar.
I’ll pick this up.
Luckily, my company has agreed to pick up the travel expenses.
Estos son 10 significados del phrasal verb pick up, pero aún nos queda un significado de pick up más, no te lo pierdas.
+1 Pick up – flirt, having a sexual interest in someone – ligar.
He said he’d picked the woman up in a bar.
She went home with some man she picked up in a bar.
No es el único caso de un mismo phrasal verb con varios significados. También el phrasal verb give up puede tener varios significados. Puedes verlo en este post de phrasal verbs con give.
Seguramente algunos de estos significados de pick up te resulten más fáciles que otros, la verdad es que es un phrasal verb bastante común y se puede usar en diferentes contextos, como has visto, así que vale la pena aprender al menos los más comunes y empezar a usarlos.
