Hoy os dejamos unos “truquis” para utilizar los modales de obligación “must & have to” y también cómo expresar falta de obligación (lack of obligation) con los modales don’t have to, don’t need to, didn’t need to. Vamos allá!
HAVE TO / MUST
We use these verbs to say that is necessary to do something, but there are some differences:
Have to
The speaker is just giving facts. Or there’s an «outside authority» who tells you to do something.
E.g. I have to complete the report for our client.
We can use “have to” in all verb tenses.
Must
The speaker thinks is necessary, feels is his responsibility to do something.
E.g. I must finish all these paperwork today.
We only use “must” in the present tense, to express obligation in other tenses we use “have to”.
E.g. I had to finish all the paperwork last Friday.
I will have to finish all the paperwork before Friday.
DON’T HAVE TO / MUSTN’T
When used in the negative form, they mean different things:
Don’t have to /don’t need to
It means is NOT necessary that we do something.
E.g. You don’t have to bring anything.
They don’t need to bring anything.
Mustn’t
It means is necessary NOT to do something. (it’s an obligation not to do something).
E.g.He mustn’t talk to us like that.
You mustn’t tell anyone.
We mustn’t be late for the meeting.
DIDN’T NEED TO / DIDN’T HAVE TO DO
We use didn’t need to / didn’t have to meaning that something was not done because it was not necessary.
E.g. We didn’t need to call the technical services, we just fixed it ourselves.
They didn’t need to work until late. We still have time until deadline.
I didn’t have to prepare a cake, but they all appreciated it.
Parece mucho pero en realidad son tres cositas, te las resumimos:
-Must / have to > obligación, sobre todo “have to” que se puede utilizar en cualquier tiempo verbal
-Mustn’t > obligación de NO hacer algo (o prohibición de hacer algo)
-Don’t have to / don’t need to (y sus formas en pasado) > falta de obligación, o lo que es lo mismo, no es necesario hacer algo.
Esperamos que te sirva de ayuda 😉
Phrasal verbs para hablar de la familia en nuestro post de hoy. Porque queremos a nuestra familia y no podemos vivir sin ellos, aunque a veces tengamos nuestros más y nuestros menos, sobre todo después de pasar un tiempo juntos. Para hablar de la familia y sobre muchas de las cosas que pasan en las relaciones familiares en este post veremos algunos phrasal verbs frecuentes.
Comenzamos con el phrasal verb para hablar de la familia más bonito!
Get together – reunirse, juntarse, pasar tiempo juntos.
E.g.
The whole family usually gets together at Christmas.
We usually get together on Saturdays.
Y seguimos con otros phrasal verbs que también son muy comunes cuando hablamos de relaciones familiares
Get along / on with (someone) – llevarse bien con alguien, tener una buena relación.
E.g.
I get along with my mother-in-law.
She doesn’t get on with some of our cousins.
Put up with (someone or something) – tolerar, “aguantar”.
E.g.
I can’t put up with him and his silly jokes.
Grandma is really kind and puts up with children making noise.
Grow apart – distanciarse, cuando no hay una relación cercana.
E.g.
As we got older we just grew apart.
Nothing happened, but they were growing apart.
Look up to (someone) – sentir respeto y admiración por alguien.
E.g.
They have always looked up to their grandmother.
He really looks up to his uncle Rob.
Look down on (someone) – menospreciar, mirar por encima del hombro.
E.g.
I don’t understand people who look down on others.
She looks down on him because he doesn’t have a degree.
???? Otros phrasal verbs con look
Grow up – crecer, madurar, criarse.
E.g.
Their children have all grown up and left home now.
I grew up in a large family.
Bring up – criar.
E.g.
He was brought up by his grandparents.
Her aunt brought them up the best she could.
Look after (someone) – cuidar de alguien.
E.g.
It’s hard work looking after three children all day.
She’s getting old and she needs someone to look after her.
Take after (someone) – parecerse a alguien.
E.g.
Dan’s very tall, he takes after his father.
Jennifer really takes after her mother.
???? Más phrasal verbs con take
Name after (someone) – poner el mismo nombre que a alguien.
E.g.
Alan was named after his grandfather.
Our baby Sammy was named after my husbands’ sister.
Tell (someone) off – reñir, regañar.
E.g.
He told the children off for making so much noise.
Our mum will tell us off if we don’t tidy our room.
Make up – hacer las paces después de una pelea.
E.g.
We got angry but we quickly made up.
Ok, kids, stop fighting, now kiss and make up.
???? Mira este post si quieres entender mejor cómo funcionan los phrasal verbs
Break up – romper una relación, separarse.
E.g.
The couple broke up last year.
They broke up after 20 years together.
Split up – romper una relación, un matrimonio, separarse.
E.g.
Her parents split up a few months ago.
My parents split up when I was I child.
Para finalizar y aunque no queremos acabar con una nota triste, la vida es así y desafortunadamente también en ocasiones necesitaremos decir que alguien ha fallecido, con este phrasal verb queda un poco menos “agresivo” o directo que decir “die”, especialmente porque es un tema delicado.
Pass away – fallecer.
E.g.
Our grandfather passed away 3 months ago.
Did you know his mother passed away recently?
En fin, lo importante es aprovechar esos momentos en los que nos reunimos, get together con la familia, y llevarse bien con ellos get along with them, aunque a veces haya peleas, siempre nos sentiremos mejor después de hacer las paces, make up. Porque a todos nos gusta sentirnos queridos, cuidar y que nos cuiden, to look after and to be looked after.
Y aunque hoy los hemos agrupado para hablar de la familia, muchos de estos phrasal verbs los podemos utilizar perfectamente en otros contextos diferentes.
Para saber cómo hablar de todos los miembros de tu familia (sobrinos, primas, cuñados, suegras…) en este post puedes ampliar tu vocabulario de la familia.
Hey buddies, hoy toca post de phrasal verbs, I know, they can be hard y no siempre es fácil entenderlos y luego ponerlos en práctica. Hoy nos centramos en los 15 Phrasal verbs con take que ya tendrías que conocer. No worries, si aún no los conoces te los explicamos con significado y ejemplos, uno por uno.
To take after someone – to look like someone, to have a similar appearance or personality- parecerse a alguien
E.g.
Mike takes after his mother; they both have the same blue eyes and blond hair.
Everybody says Beth takes after her grandmother, they have a talent for art.
To take something apart – to disassemble, to separate something into smaller parts- desmontar
E.g.
He’s always taking apart all types of mechanical toys.
I think I should take apart my computer and clean it properly.
To take away something – to separate, to remove – apartar, quitar, llevarse
E.g.
Could you take away this old chair? I don’t want it anymore.
If you don’t study harder, we’ll have to take away your telephone.
To take something back
1) to return something – devolver algo
E.g.
He bought some shoes but they don’t fit. He will ned to take them back.
2) to admit that you did/say something wrong – retirar (algo que has dicho)
E.g.
Sorry for saying those words to you, I take it back.
To take something down
1) to separate something into parts – desmontar
E.g.
After the concert finished, the crew took down the stage.
2) to write on paper – escribir, tomar nota de algo
E.g.
Let me take down your phone number, just in case.
To take someone in – to let someone stay in your house – dejar que alguien se quede en tu casa.
E.g.
He was having a hard time finding an apartment, so we took him in for a month.
You are so nice to take me in, I cannot thank you enough.
To take something in – to assimilate or understand information – comprender o asimilar información.
E.g.
The speaker said interesting things but it was a lot to take in.
I’m reading this manual and I can’t take it in.
To take off
1) to rise in the air (an airplane) – despegar (un avión)
E.g.
The plane will take off in 30 minutes.
2) also to become successful or popular very fast – despegar en sentido figurativo.
E.g.
Recently, their blog has taken off and now they are very popular.
Her career took off when she started working in publicity.
To take something off
1) to remove (clothes) – quitarse (ropa)
E.g.
As soon as I get home I take off my shoes and change my clothes.
2) not to work for a period of time – tener un día/semana libre (sin ir al trabajo)
E.g.
She took a week off to visit her family in France.
I’ll take two days off next week.
To take someone on – to hire someone – contratar a alguien.
E.g.
We need to take on a new cleaning lady.
Our company is taking on more employees next month.
To take something on – to accept some work or responsibility – aceptar/asumir responsabilidades
E.g.
Do you have time to take on a new project?
She took on more tasks in order to get promoted.
To take (it) out on someone – to make someone feel bad, because you are feeling bad too – tomarla con alguien
E.g.
Hey, I understand that you’ve had a horrible day, but don’t take it out on me.
I was stressed and I took it out on him.
To take over something – to take control of something – asumir el control de algo
E.g.
His real intention was to take over the company.
A large holding has taken over our company and there will be some changes.
To take up something
1) to fill space or time – ocupar espacio o tiempo
E.g.
These books are taking up all the space in my room.
This project is taking up more time than I expected.
2) to start doing something regularly – comenzar un nuevo hábito
E.g.
I’ve recently taken up yoga.
Why did you took up golf?
To take somebody up on something – to accept an offer- aceptar una invitación.
E.g.
You’re always welcome to stay with us when you’re in Paris.
Thank you, I’ll take you up on that the next time I come to France.
Esperamos que no haya sido demasiado para asimilar, a lot to take in y que te animes a poner algunos de ellos en práctica, verás que tu confianza con los phrasal verbs pronto despega, it will soon take off, y si por el contrario te has quedado con ganas de más phrasal verbs aquí tienes «Los mejores phrasal verbs con get, descúbrelos!»
