Una de las palabras que más confusión nos crea a la hora de decirla en inglés es «como» porque en inglés tenemos más de una opción dependiendo del contexto, podemos usar like, as y a veces incluso how. En este post por fin aprenderás a decir «como» con like, as y how correctamente.
Lo hemos organizado en las diferentes formas en las que los hispanohablantes usamos como y cuál sería la opción correcta en inglés en cada caso.
Como = parecido a, igual que > LIKE
Usamos like para decir que algo es parecido a. En este caso no es posible utilizar as.
They have a large house, it’s like a palace. (es como un palacio)
They have a large house, it’s as a palace.
Michael speaks English like a native. (habla como un nativo)
Michael speaks English as a native.
He’s a freelance, like me. (como yo)
He’s a freelance, as me.
She smokes like a chimney. (como una chimenea)
She smokes as a chimney.
Si te ayuda, a la hora de recordarlo mejor, es estos ejemplos, como puede ser «como si fuera» pero no lo es, es decir, habla como si fuera nativo, pero no lo es.
Para decir parecer o parecerse a podemos usar también look like
E.g.
It looks like it is going to rain. (parece que va a llover)
She looks like her mother. (se parece a su madre)
Como = por ejemplo > LIKE.
Usamos like cuando queremos poner ejemplos.
E.g.
I have been in many European cities like London, Rome, Paris.
They like practicing team sports like football and basketball.
En este caso, otra alternativa es utilizar such as
E.g.
I have been in many European cities such as London, Rome, Paris.
They like practicing team sports such as football and basketball.
Como = como, en forma de > AS
E.g.
We use one of the rooms as a home office.
Many words can be used as verbs or as nouns.
They work very well as a team.
London is nice as a place to visit but I wouldn’t live there.
Como = en calidad de > AS
Usamos as de esta forma para referirnos a nuestra profesión.
E.g.
She works as a primary school teacher.
He works as a manager.
I work as a nurse.
Te dijimos que con este post por fin aprenderás a decir «como» con like, as y how correctamente y ésta es la parte más importante, pay attention!
Como > AS vs. LIKE
Éste uso es el que más nos cuesta diferenciar entre like y as, porque en este caso podemos usar ambos like y as pero ojo! que el significado cambia. Vamos a verlo con ejemplos. Pongamos el caso de Tim y Jake, Tim es director y Jake es su asistente.
As a manager, Tim has to take important decisions. (como manager = en calidad de)
Like the manager, Jake has to take important decision. (como el director, pero él no es el director = igual que él)
Te ha quedado claro? No? Vamos a verlo de otro modo.
As Tim’s assistant, Jake has to take important decisions, like him. (Como asistente de Tim (=en calidad de) Jake tiene que tomar decisiones importantes, como Tim (=igual que él)).
Otro ejemplo más de este caso
As your father, he wants the best for you. (como tu padre, en calidad de padre, él quiere lo mejor para ti)
Like your father, I want the best for you. (como tu padre, igual que tu padre, aunque no lo soy, quiero lo mejor para ti)
Bueno, pues aclarado esto, seguimos con más usos
Como = de la misma manera > AS o LIKE
En este uso es posible utilizar ambas formas, aunque es preferible usar as porque like es más informal, más propio del lenguaje hablado y en algunos casos se considera incorrecto usar like en este contexto.
Eg.
Nobody knows him as I do.
Nobody knows him like I do.
I left everything as it was.
I left everything like it was.
Como = en expresiones hechas > AS
Encontramos y usamos as en expresiones como (in expressions like-such as)
As I said
As you know
As I thought
As expected
As requested
As always
As usual
E.g.
As you know, this is not the first time we have had this problem. (como sabe)
As always, Ben was late for class again today. (como siempre)
As I said, I hope this is the last time you are late. (como ya he dicho)
Here is the report, as requested. (como solicitó)
Como = en expresiones hechas, comparaciones > LIKE
She smokes like a chimney.
He swears like a sailor.
They eat like pigs.
I work like a dog.
Como = en comparativos – tanto … como > AS
As soon as
As much / many as
As cheap / good / as
Para comparativos también podemos usar same as, not same that or same than.
His jacket is the same colour as mine.
His jacket is the same colour than mine.
Their building is in the same street as our office.
Their building is in the same street that our office.
Cómo = interrogativo > HOW
Finalmente, incluimos el cómo interrogativo porque ya que estamos, vamos a dejarlo todo bien clarito. Usamos how cuando es un pronombre interrogativo (y en español suele llevar acento). No se usa solo en preguntas directas, también en preguntas indirectas o implícitas. Ejemplos, please? allá vamos.
E.g.
How do you say … in English? (¿cómo se dice … en inglés?)
How did you know about it? (¿cómo lo supiste?)
Do you know how I can get to the bus station? (¿sabes cómo puedo ir a la estación de autobús?)
I asked her how she was but she didn’t answer me. (le pregunté cómo estaba pero no me contestó)
She learn how to make a cheesecake. (aprendió cómo hacer tarta de queso)
I’ll show how to do it. (te enseñaré cómo hacerlo)
Llegamos al final del post, comentar que nos hemos centrado en los usos de like, as y how con los que nos confundimos más a la hora de decir «como» aunque estas tres palabras se pueden usar de otro modo en contextos diferentes en inglés (like como verbo, how en otro tipo de preguntas, etc).
Te parece mucho? No te preocupes, después de haber leído este post seguro que por fin aprenderás a decir «como» con like, as y how correctamente. Si quieres ponerte a prueba aquí tienes también un pequeño ejercicio.
Your sister looks _____ your mother.
I want to speak English _____ you.
_____ a secretary, she has to answer many phone calls.
He found a part-time job _____ a waiter.
I have been working _____ a dog lately.
Can you show me _____ to do it?
_____ you know, we are planning a new strategy.
I’ll phone you tomorrow _____ usual, ok?
She visited exotic places _____ Indonesia and Sri Lanka.
VER RESPUESTAS CORRECTAS
Your sister looks like your mother.
I want to speak English like you.
As a secretary, she has to answer many phone calls.
He found a part-time job as a waiter.
I have been working like a dog lately.
Can you show me how to do it?
As you know, we are planning a new strategy.
I’ll phone you tomorrow as usual, ok?
She visited exotic places like Indonesia and Sri Lanka.
Hey buddies, el post de hoy es una recopilación de errores comunes en inglés que cometemos a menudo, a veces porque cambiamos la preposición que toca, o porque nos equivocamos con una palabra o también porque traducimos literalmente. Ponte cómodo porque te detallamos nada más y nada menos que 30 common mistakes que no debes cometer más.
1 We say coworkers, work mates or colleagues, not partners para referirnos a nuestros compañeros de trabajo
My partners are really helpful.
My coworkers are really helpful.
2 We say at work, not in the job en expresiones como
I sometimes surf on the internet in the job.
I sometimes surf on the internet at work.
3 We say hire mejor que contract, cuando contratamos a un empleado
Things are going well, we will contract more employees.
Things are going well, we will hire more employees.
4 We say a business grows, not grows up para decir que el negocio crece
Our business is growing up and increasing sales.
Our business is growing and increasing sales.
Utilizamos grow up para referirnos a las personas cuando crecen / maduran
He’s now a grown up person.
Children grow up really fast.
5 We say I agree, not I am agree para mostrar nuestro acuerdo
I am agree with your idea.
I agree with your idea.
6 We say I think so / I don’t think so, not I think that yes / no para decir creo que sí / no
Would you come? I think that yes / no.
Would you come? I think so / I don’t think so.
7 We say I have no idea, not I don’t have an idea para decir no tengo ni idea
Is she here? I don’t have an idea.
Is she here? I have no idea.
8 We say leave me alone, not leave me in peace cuando queremos que nos dejen en paz
Please, leave me in peace, I’m busy now.
Please, leave me alone, I’m busy now.
9 We say from now on, not since now para decir de ahora en adelante
We will have new regulations since now.
We will have new regulations from now on.
10 We say so far, not until now para decir hasta ahora, hasta este momento
What have they done until now?
What have they done so far?
11 We say it depends on, not it depends of
I don’t know what I’m going to do tomorrow. It depends of the weather.
I don’t know what I’m going to do tomorrow. It depends on the weather.
12 We say related to, not related with
This is a problem related with the internet signal.
This is a problem related to the internet signal.
13 We say contact someone, not contact with someone
I’ll contact with her because I need more information.
I’ll contact her because I need more information.
14 We say trust someone, not trust in someone
I trust in my employees to do a good job when I’m not in the office.
I trust my employees to do a good job when I’m not in the office.
15 We say worry about, not worry for algo o alguien
Her mother worries for her a lot.
Her mother worries about her a lot.
16 We say think about / of, not think in. Si imaginamos algo, utilizamos think of / about, si estamos considerando algo utilizamos think about
I’m thinking in my future and deciding what I want to do.
I’m thinking about my future and deciding what I want to do.
17 We say similar to, not similar than
This app is very similar than another one.
This app is very similar to another one.
18 We say the same as, not the same than or the same to
He’s the same than his father. They have similar personalities.
He’s the same as his father. They have similar personalities.
19 We say in the world, not of the world para decir del mundo
Lionel Messi is one of the best soccer players of the world.
Lionel Messi is one of the best soccer players in the world.
20 We say arrive in/at a place, not arrive to a place
I arrived to work at 9 a.m.
I arrived at work at 9 a.m.
We use arrive in con lugares como ciudades (London, Paris, etc.).
We arrived in Paris last Friday.
We use arrive at al referirnos a un sitio en concreto (the bank, the restaurant, work, home, etc.).
They arrived at the restaurant 20 minutes late.
21 We say go home, not go to home
She decided to go to home after the theatre.
She decided to go home after the theatre.
22 We say parking lot, not parking para referirnos a un aparcamiento
The parking was full, so we parked on the street.
The parking lot was full, so we parked on the street.
23 We say on the bus / train / plane, not in the bus / plane / train
Sometimes I read when I’m in the bus.
Sometimes I read when I’m on the bus.
We say in with cars, vans, trucks, etc.
Let’s get on the car.
Let’s get in the car.
24 We say to miss, not to lose a bus / train / plane
You will lose the train if you don’t hurry up.
You will miss the train if you don’t hurry up.
25 We say waste time, not lose time para decir perder el tiempo
Sam loses a lot of time watching TV.
Sam wastes a lot of time watching TV.
26 We say spend time, not pass time para decir pasar tiempo con
On the weekend, she likes to pass time with her husband.
On the weekend, she likes to spend time with her husband.
27 We say to have (or to throw) a party, not to make or do a party
They are making a party next Saturday.
They are having / throwing a party next Saturday.
28 We say to have a drink, not to take a drink
Let’s take a drink after work.
Let’s have a drink after work.
29 We say to sunbathe, not to take the sun
She loves taking the sun on the beach.
She loves sunbathing on the beach.
30 We say to make mistakes, not to have errors or have mistakes.
My English is okay, but I have a lot of mistakes.
My English is okay, but I make a lot of mistakes.
No te preocupes si te identificas con algunos (o muchos) de ellos, son los errores más comunes que cometemos los hispano hablantes. Anota con los que más te equivocas para repasarlos, pero vuelve a esta lista siempre que lo necesites o tengas dudas.
PS: Si te atreves con más meteduras de pata typical Spanish, lee este post sobre false friends
Hay verbos en inglés que nos resultan confusos (especialmente a los hispano hablantes) como say & tell porque son muy parecidos en significado, pero la manera de usarlos es diferente. En este post te lo dejamos claro para que no te confundas más con say & tell.
Donde más problemas solemos tener es cuando usamos el estilo indirecto (o reported speech) porque reproducimos el contenido de un mensaje, vaya, cuando hablamos de una conversación que tuvimos con otra persona: «y yo le dije, entonces él me dijo que ella le había dicho lo que nosotros le dijimos…» y aquí ya tenemos un lio montado, esto es un poco exagerado pero
Vamos a verlo paso a paso:
He said me that he wasn’t interested in sports.
He said that he wasn’t interested in sports.
He said (to me) that he wasn’t interested in sports.
He told to me that he wasn’t interested in sports.
He told me that he wasn’t interested in sports.
Utilizamos say con la estructura say something / say that
E.g.
I said hello.
We said goodbye before leaving.
He said that he wasn’t interested in sports.
They said that they needed more time to make a decision.
She said that we should study more.
Si incluimos una persona, utilizamos la estructura say something to someone or say to someone something
E.g.
He said to me that he wasn’t interested in sports.
She said to us that we should study more.
I said to him that he was very generous.
Utilizamos tell con la estructura tell someone something / tell someone that, el verbo tell en este caso siempre necesita un objeto indirecto o pronombre personal (la persona con la que hablamos)
E.g.
She told me the truth.
I told them a joke.
He told me that he wasn’t interested in sports.
They told us that we had to work harder.
I told him that she wasn’t coming.
En todos los ejemplos anteriores hemos utilizado say and tell en pasado pero es posible también usarlos en presente y/o presente continuo
E.g.
She says that I need to do exercise.
Mark says that you have a new job.
He always tells her that they should live together.
They are always telling us that we have to work harder.
Además hay otra estructura que podemos utilizar con tell para indicar una orden o un consejo tell someone to do something
E.g.
She told him to sit down.
He told me (not) to wait.
They told us to work harder.
The teacher told us to do the activities.
Hay una serie de expresiones «fijas» (fixed expressions) que siempre usamos con say
Fixed expressions with say
Say hello / goodbye
Say good morning / afternoon / etc
Say something
Say nothing
Say a word / a few words
Say a prayer
Y también otras que siempre usamos con tell
Fixed expressions with tell
Tell the truth
Tell a lie
Tell a story
Tell a joke
Tell a secret
Tell the time
Tell the difference
Parece mucha información pero en resumen…
You say something or say (to someone) something
E.g.
He said hello to everyone.
He says that he doesn’t like coffee
You tell someone something
E.g.
He told me many lies.
He told me that he doesn’t like coffee.
Y ahora una pequeña prueba para ver si te ha quedado claro:
Completa con say o tell (en pasado)
Angela ____ them to be punctual.
He ____ that we couldn’t wait.
I ____ you to complete the task.
We ____ him that you were ill.
She ____ that you have to help her.
They ____ us many lies.
Anthony ____ that he was hungry.
I ____ nothing to them.
He ____ to her that he wasn’t interested.
VER RESPUESTAS CORRECTAS
He said that we couldn’t wait.
I told you to complete the task.
We told him that you were ill.
She said that you have to help her.
They told us many lies.
Anthony said that he was hungry.
I said nothing to them.
He said to her that he wasn’t interested.
Esperamos que después de leer este post ya no te confundas más con say & tell, el secreto es recordar que tell siempre necesita «someone» cuando hablamos de lo que decimos a otra persona.
Además si te has quedado con ganas de leer un poco más y quieres conocer otros errores comunes que cometemos los hispanohablantes te recomendamos que leas este post: 30 errores comunes en inglés que no debes cometer más
